Navigating the Process of Business Dissolution

Under Vietnamese law, there is a step between a company being operational or "active" and a company being closed or "dissolved" for good. This is called "suspension," and you can consider it as putting your business "on hold" or "pausing" your operations for a while. It does not go as far as permanently closing your company in Vietnam, but it will officially put your company's operations on hold for a while.

Common situations where company owners decide to suspend a company in Vietnam include:

• They are moving overseas for a while and do not need to use their company.
• They are focusing on a different project and do not have time to operate their company.
• They are not sure that their business is going to gain traction but also do not want to take the irreversible step of permanently closing their company.

For all of these cases and more, temporary suspension could be a good option to consider. A major advantage of suspending a company in Vietnam is that it relieves the company from most of its regular tax, reporting, and other compliance obligations.

But how does the procedure work to suspend a company in Vietnam? In fact, it is pretty straightforward: the legal representative of the company must send a written notification to the registration office at the local Department of Planning and Investment, at least 3 business days before the proposed suspension date. There is a template form available for you to use. Among other things, the legal representative must fill out the reason for suspension, and in most cases, a brief explanation will be accepted without any issues.

Practically speaking, a suspension is often approved for a 1-year maximum, after which you can extend it for a maximum of 1 year. After that, you must either reactivate the company or permanently close it.

4. Close a Company in Vietnam

Compared to suspending, closing a company in Vietnam has more far-reaching consequences. It is officially called "dissolution," which means the permanent closure of a company. There are a few legal grounds to close a company in Vietnam:

• The operating period as mentioned in the company's charter and/or license(s) expires without an extension decision.
• The owner(s) of the company decide in writing to close the company.
• The company adds or removes members but fails to update the company type for 6 consecutive months.
• The company's license(s) get revoked.

Important to note is that you can only close a company in Vietnam after all its debts and liabilities have been fully paid, and it is not involved in any legal dispute. Apart from the legal grounds, here are a few common practical reasons to close a company in Vietnam:

• The owners have finished the project.
• The project does not gain traction, and the owners want to limit the financial consequences.
• The foreign owners want to move back overseas.

A major advantage of closing a company in Vietnam is that after completing the procedures, the company is completely relieved from all tax, reporting, and compliance obligations. The procedure to close a company in Vietnam starts with an official decision from the owner(s) of the company. This decision should detail a procedure and a plan for finalizing the company's contracts, including labor contracts, and for paying the company's outstanding debts. The owner's decision shall be sent to the Business Registration Office at the local Department of Planning and Investment, and it shall be posted on the National Database, as well as at the company's headquarters.

Generally speaking, the owner(s) of the company are responsible for the liquidation of the company's assets, the results of which shall be divided among the owner(s) proportionately to their ownership percentage, but only after all debts, including tax liabilities, have been paid. When all those debts have been fully paid, the legal representative of the company submits an application file for dissolution to the authorities. Only after that can the official status of the company be updated to "dissolved," which means "permanently closed."

In summary, there are two steps to close a company in Vietnam: (i) the owner's decision, and (ii) the application file.

5. Time Frame and Fees

To suspend a company in Vietnam is relatively uncomplicated, fast, and economical. It normally takes only a couple of days. The official state fees are minimal, but most foreign company owners choose to let a lawyer, a business service provider, or their accountant take care of the procedures. A common service fee is VND 2 - 5 million.

In order to close a company in Vietnam, it takes a little longer. Depending on the complexity of the specific company, the process could take between 1 month and 1 year. Same as for suspension, foreign owners who want to close a company in Vietnam often let a professional service provider take care of these procedures. The official state fees are minimal, and depending on the complexity, a common service fee for a small-scale foreign-owned company is between VND 10 - 20 million. If it involves a medium- or large-scale company, then the fees can be a multiple of those numbers.

6. Conclusion

Suspending or closing a company in Vietnam is a significant decision that foreign business owners may need to make at some point. Understanding the procedures, legal requirements, and potential time frames and fees is essential for making an informed choice.

Whether you opt for suspension or closure, it's crucial to adhere to the legal and financial obligations to ensure a smooth process.

Remember, each situation is unique, and seeking professional advice from experts in Vietnam's business regulations is highly recommended.

7. FAQs

7.1 How long does it take to suspend a company in Vietnam?

Suspendinng a company in Vietnam typically takes a few days. 

7.2 What are the common reasons for closing a company in Vietnam?

Common reasons include completing a project, lack of business traction, or foreign owners moving overseas.

7.3 Are there legal grounds for closing a company in Vietnam?

Yes, there are legal grounds, including expiration of licenses and owner decisions.

7.4 What are the fees for closing a small-scale foreign-owned company in Vietnam?

The common service fee for small-scale companies.